Uhlelo Lohlaza Olusezinzini PU Oluhle Ngokusebenza Kabanzi Nenkazimulo Yenkimbiso Ekukhulu Kwenzululwazi Zase-Polyurethane

Umthusi wokukhupha ophuthelene ngemali wenqanaba ye-pu ubungakanani obulandelayo kubonakala ukuthi kuthuthukisa izinhlelo eziphucayeni ukulungiselela nokuphatha izimodi. Lokhu kusizo olwabonakalayo kuvumela ukuthi umlando omnye unikeze imfihlo yokukhupha kwiintsindelo eziningi zokwakha, kakhulu ukuthi kube yisidingo sokusebenzisa izinto nokuthinta kwabantu. Ichemikhali elingezantsi libonakala kakhulu emigangathweni yomthwalo onjalo eyenzela izivivinyo ezibophaza nezinconywayo ezithintekayo kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zokukhupha. Ngaphandle kwezinye izixhumanisi ezinjalo ezingazange ziphansi kakhulu kumaqondo evela ekufakweni, lokhu kusizo okuphuthelene ngemali kunakekela izici zakho zokuphepha ngokuthi kuthuthuka izindlela ezahlukene ze-polymer ebalulekileyo ezifakwa ngenkathi ikhipha. Isizukulwane sobuchwepheshe siphumelela ngokuthi kwenza iziqondiso zomthwalo kumodi nakuba kuquketha isithunzi esinokushinteka esiphinde phinde ethembekileyo ngalinye icala lokukhupha. Lokhu kusizo oluthandayo kunciphisa ukuthinta okungeziwe kumgama wesibini we-40%, lokhu kuyadingeka ngokuthi kunciphise ixesha likulungiselela imodi futhi kuthintele ukubuyiselwa okuyisidingo sokubuyiselwa. Ukstabile kwebomu kumvumela ukuthi akhuphe kakhulu kwiintsindelo zemvelo kuya ku-200 degrees Celsius, kungenjalo iziphumo zokukhiqiza polyurethane ngaphandle kokuchithwa kwezimpawu. Umsindo wokholo wavela ngokuthi kunciphise amathambo okukhupha njengezigaba ezimbi, ukuqedwa okungafanelekile, nokwahlukaniswa komkhawulo owasebenzela kakhulu ekungazenzeki kwalokho nokulungiselela imodi. Ifomula enobuso obanjalo ibambelela ukugayaza kwebomu nokuhluka kwechemikhali, kunciphisa ngokwengeziwe ukudotiwa kwezicubu futhi kunciphise imiyalelo yokuzithoba kwezimali. Imiphakanyiswano yomphakathi ivela ngokuthi kunciphise ukudotiwa kwezicubu futhi kunciphise imiyalelo yokuzithoba kwezimali. Ukusebenzisa lokhu kusizo akudingi ukuguquguquka kwezixhobo, kungakwazi ukuthi kutholakale kakhulu kuzo zonke iziko lokukhiqiza. Lokhu kusizo oluphuthelene ngemali lukhombisa iziphumo ezinokulinganiswa futhi ezinokubonwa ngokwengeziwe, kunciphisa izindlela zokukhiqiza futhi kuthuthukise izinhlelo.

Isisekelo esingcono ukukhishwa kwe-pu sokukhupha i-mold sinesilinganiso esingcono sekhehla esinembileyo esixhomekeke kuzindlela zokuthengisa eziphathelene nokuthengiswa kwamandla ezimali. Ukwahlulwa kwezimali kubonisa izindlela eziningi zezimali ezingcono ezihluka kakhulu ngaphandle kokuthenga kuqala. Iindlela zokuthengisa izinto zazinzima zisuselwa ekhethweni lokusebenzisa okuqinileyo, kuthatha izinto ezincane kakhulu ngalinye ukusebenzisa ikakhulukazi ngenkulumo yesifundo. Izidingo zemfundo zibonisa ukuthi lokhu isisekelo esingcono sokukhishwa kwe-pu sokukhupha i-mold sinesilinganiso esithathu kakhulu kwezindawo ezenziwayo kwezintlalo eziphambili, okusho ukuthi kunciphisa izindleko zezinto ngalinye. Ukuncipha kwezindleko zomsebenzi kususelwa ekhethweni elilungileyo lokusebenzisa nezikhathi ezide ezingekayo ukuba kusebenziswe kabusha, kuvumela amabhodi wokwakha ukuthi asebenze kakhulu kwezinsuku ezivamile. Izidingo zemfundo zibonisa ukuthi kunciphisa izindleko zomsebenzi ngaphezu kuka-25% emsebenzini wokulungisa i-mold xa kusebenziswa lokhu isisekelo esingcono sokukhishwa kwe-pu sokukhupha i-mold kunazo ezinye izinto. Izindleko ezingcono ezingahleli ziqukethe ukunciphisa kwezindleko zokulahleka ngokuhlanjulwa kakhulu kwezindleko, okunciphisa ukuchithwa kwezinto futhi kuthintele izidingo zokulungiswa kabusha. Izindleko ezingcono eziphakeme zibonakala ngokunciphisa kwezidingo zokuhlola futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokuxazulula izicinga zokuthengisa. Ukthobela kwesisekelo kunciphisa ubuguqukayo bokwakha, kuvumela ukuplanina okulungileyo kakhulu kwezokwakha nokuphatha izimboni. Ukunciphisa kwezindleko zokulungiswa kususelwa ekhethweni elincane lokucasha i-mold futhi ukuthutha kwezinto, ngoba isebenza esihle esikhethekileyo kunciphisa ukugcinwa kwegcobo lezinye i-mold. Ukunciphisa kwezindleko zokunika umoya kususelwa ekhethweni elincane lokunika umoya i-mold futhi kunciphisa izidingo zokunika umoya ngokuthi kunciphisa izinto ezinquma ezingaphansi kwe-VOC. Izindleko zokuthutha kwezinto ziqashiselwa ngokunciphisa ubudlelwane besifungo ngokuthi kutholakale yizinyathelo eziphethwe njengeyodwa futhi kutholakale imithetho efanayo yasebenzisa phakathi kwezintlalo eziningi. Izinkinga ezingcono zesisisekelo esingcono sokukhishwa kwe-pu sokukhupha i-mold zihlukaniswa ngexesha, kuyaphila ukuthola indiza yekhehla ngaphakathi kweqanda lwokuqala lwezokwakha ngemuva kokusebenzisa. Isilinganiso esingcono sokuthintela kwindiza sisondeleka ngokunciphisa kwezindleko zokuthintela ngenkulumo yokhuseleko nezimpendulo zemithetho. Izindleko ezingcono zeqeda ziqukethe ukuthembeka okuphakeme kwabathengi ngokulingana kwezintlalo, okubangela ukuthutha kwezimo zokuthengisa futhi ukuthintele kwezimali.

I-agent yokukhupha isimbi sangaphandle esihlukene ngokomlando sibonisa ubunzima obungcono kwi-application eziphelele ze-polyurethane, kanti ke yisiphumo esibalulekile kwi-manufacturing enye. Lokhu kubukeka kakhulu kusayensi esiqondile okuthuthukile okuthembela ku-formulation ye-polyurethane eyahlukene, i-processing conditions, nezidingo zokwakha ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwezidingo zokusebenza. Iindlela ezisetyenziswa kwi-industry ye-automotive zibonisa ubunzima balesi agent ekwenzeni i-components ezinhle ngaphezu kwesahluko sekuhlala, i-seat cushions, i-steering wheels, nezinto ezivikela ukuvutha. I-agent yokukhupha isimbi sangaphandle esihlukene ngokomlando ihlala ihlinzeka kwaye isebenze ngokulinganayo kuzo zombini izinhlelo ze-flexible ne-rigid polyurethane, ihlengelela konke ukuya kumafoam angaphansi asemgangathweni ophezulu. Ubunzima be-industry yesakhiwo buhambisa kwi-moldings zamazinyo, i-insulation panels, izinto ezibonisayo, nezinhlelo zokwakha apho ubomi bomgca wokubona nobuningi bezilinganiso kuyizidingo ezibalulekile. Iindlela ezisetyenziswa kwi-furniture manufacturing zibonisa amandla esi agent ekwenzeni i-upholstery foam, izinto ezibonisayo, nezinhlelo zokwakha ngezilinganiso eziningi zomgca wokubona. Iindlela ezifana ne-rollers, gaskets, bushings, nezinhlelo ezithile ezidinga ukulungiswa kwezilinganiso nokubona okungcono kufumana inxenye yokusetyenziswa kwi-industrial equipment manufacturing. I-agent yokukhupha isimbi sangaphandle esihlukene ngokomlando ihlanjulula ngokulinganayo kwiindlela ezahlukene zokusebenzisa kanye ne-reaction injection molding, i-pour-in-place applications, nezindlela zokugcina. Ubunzima be-temperature kumelwe kube yisiseko sokusebenza kwiindlela zokusebenzisa kusuka kwi-temperature yendawo ukuya kwi-high-temperature molding operations ezingaphezu kwe-180 degrees Celsius. Ukutholakala kwezimbi zokugcina kufaka phakathi i-aluminum, i-steel, i-composite, nezinhlelo zokucanda eziphethwe ngaphandle kokudinga ukuguqula izimpendulo noma iindlela zokulungiswa. Ukutholakala kwezinkinga kufaka phakathi i-catalyst systems ze-polyurethane, i-blowing agents, nezinkinga ezijonge ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zokwakha. Ubunzima balesi agent buhambisa kwiindlela zokwakha usuka kwi-prototype development ukuya kwi-high-volume manufacturing, ihlanjulula linganiso ngaphandle kokuba yintoni inkampani yezidingo. Ukumelana kwezilinganiso kumelwe kube yisiseko sokusebenza kwiindlela ezilula ezingadinga ukukhupha ngokushesha kanye nezindlela eziphinde zilinde ngexesha elide apho izinto zilinda kwisimbi ngexesha elide. Ukulawula kwezilinganiso kufaka phakathi i-geometries ezinhle, i-deep draws, i-undercuts, nezinkinga ezincinci ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwebume lokukhupha. Ubunzima obuphelele balesi agent yokukhupha isimbi sangaphandle esihlukene ngokomlando bubula into yokudinga kwezinhlelo ezimbini eziphethwe, kubuncinise iphondo lezinto kanye nokunceda inkohlakalo yokuthenga ngelishwa njengoko kufuneka kube yinkqubo yokusebenza kuzo zonke iindlela.