umphumelelo wokulayisha olunyoni kunye nomlayiso engaphakathi
Umphathi wokulayisha olunyoni kwiimodeli ezinethengi lisebenzisa uphindo lwesintu lokuhlola ngaphakathi komkhuthazo wokusebenza, apho kuhlanganiswa ukuphatha imibuzo yamaterial. Ukuphawula okusenziwe ngeemfanelo yenkulu yokuphawula, kunikezela amandla nokuphawula esikhize, esizenzekelayo ukubuyiselwa ukuphathelana nokukhangelwa ngokwesiphumo sokungena ngaphandle kokulayishwa kwiimodeli ezindabeni. Umphathi kulayishe umthani omncane, ohluphekileyo ofumanisiwe ukusebenzisa ukuze akhutshene iimodeli ngeendaweni zezimali ezincinci, uzokususa phakathi komhlaba engumehlo kunye neentsha enkulu. Umgca osebenzayo wakhiwe ngokushesha ngeemfanelo yonyoni-ebasebenziyo ezitholakalo izimbali nokugcina ukuphazamiswa ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo. Umphathi wokulayisha uhlelwa ngokubanzi kwiimikhalo eziphathelene, futhi kuhlelwa ngokubanzi kwiimikhalo ezidinga ukulayisha, ngokushesha nokulayisha amaterial amaningi ahlukanisayo njengegoma, isilayiso kunye neplastiki eziningi. Ukufakewano kuhlelwa ngokubanzi ukusetshenziswa kwakhona ngokubanzi ukuvumelela ukuphawula, kuhlanganiswa ukuba kuhlinzekelwe ukuphawula kwiimodeli, kungabangene ukusetshenziswa kweendaweni ezifanele kunye nokuhlola ukusetyenziswa kweendaweni ezifanele. Futhi, uhlelwa ngokubanzi ukuphindezelwa, kudinga ukusetyenziswa okuncane ukusetshenziswa ukuphindezelwa, ukuba kuhlobene nokuthi kuhluke kunye nokuthi kuhluke kakhulu kwiimikhalo yesayensi.