Izivakashi ze-PU ezenzekelayo kuzilwane zihlukanisa kanjani kuma-solvent ethintekayo?

Nezinye ezidakwe ngokushesha kubonisa uhlelo olukhulu lwesiphazamiso, indlela yokuqasha nokhangelwa okuphila okudlule ngqo emsulweni wokwakha nokulawula kwegolide. amaphutha wesibayi nezingxenye ezinye ezidakwe ngokushesha kubonisa uhlelo olukhulu lwesiphazamiso, indlela yokuqasha nokhangelwa okuphila okudlule ngqo emsulweni wokwakha nokulawula kwegolide.

Izinkomo Zokusebenza Kwezivivinyo Ze-PU Ezisekelwe Ngamaye

Ubushushu Bekunika Nokuphatha Itholakala

Izivivinyo ze-PU ezisekelwe ngamaye zibonisa ukusebenza okuphumelelayo ekukhuliseni ukunika kahle kwezinto evela emachineni akhethekileyo yokwenza i-foam, njengoba ziphatha itholakala ngendlela ephathelene. Lezi zinhlelo zakhela igunya eliqinile lokuphatha okukhuthaza ukungabi nesiphazamiso se-foam engaphuli iq quality yesayizi. Isakhiwo semolekiyuli yezinhlelo ezintsha ezisekelwe ngamaye kuvumela ukufakwa okujwayelekile nokwenzeka kwizinkinga eziphansi, okwenzeka kudinga izikhathi 30-40% ngaphansi kweprodukthi ngasinye isikhathi sokufaka ikhono kusuka kuzo zodwa.

Ubukhona bendawo yezizinda eziyaphathelene ngezimali PU zisungeze izikhathi ezahlukene zokwakha. Ngeminyaka emide yokwakha, izimo ezitholakele ngamanzi zizokwakha lezimali ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa nokuthumula kwezimali eziphilayo. Lokhu kukhona kubangela ukuncitshiswa kwemiphumela yokuqala kanye nokuncitshiswa kwesidingo sokuphila kwamashine akwakhiwa.

Ubunzima Bephansi Nokulinganisa Kwephepha

Izimali ze-Environmental PU zihlanya ekwenzeni iphepha elingcono elingcono kakhulu kopoliyurethane etholakalayo iMIKHIQIZO . Ukungabikho kwezimali eziphazanyayo kuvikela izinkinga zephepha eziphazanyayo, njengezinhlane noma izinkinga zephepha. Iziseko lokwakha lihlaza ubunzima bezinto ezilungileyo uma licisha kuzo izimo ezitholakele ngamanzi, nokuba izinkinga zokucindezeka kancane kabusha yi-15-25%.

Ukutholakala kwezinhlelo ephathelene nendalo nokulinganiselana nezinye izinhlelo zepolyurethane kusinika isilinganiso sangempela esihlukene emsebenzini phakathi kwamathuba amanye. Nakuba usebenzisa i-foams eziphapheni noma izinto ezinezindlela ezifanelekileyo, lezi Izixwayiso ze-PU zingcinezela izici zokusebenza ngokuvamile ngaphandle kokudinga ukulungiswa kwekhodi noma izindlela zokusebenzisa ezigcwele.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwezinhlelo Zasekuhlaleni Ezisebenzisa I-Solvent

Amavili Asekuhlaleni Okusebenza

Izixwayiso ze-PU ezisebenzisa i-solvent zazibekwa njengemvume yesimo sezo yindlela ngeminyaka engu-10 yokusebenza kahle emazingeni apheleleyo ekwakhiweni. Lezi nhlelo ngokuvamile zinesolvents ezitholakala kwezenzo zepetroliya ezinikela izici ezilungileyo zokugcwalisa nezindlela zokuphuma ngokushesha, okusinika izikhathi ezisheshayo zomgca nezilinganiso zokuxwayisa. Izinhlelo eziqeda ngokuvamile zibonakala njengoba zingcono ekugcwaliseni emagunyeni aphucake kakhulu, kusinika ugcobo konke nakuba kunezinhlelo eziphucakile.

Iziqu zokubamba ezimbangayo ze-solvent kwi-release agents ze-PU zenzela ukungena ngokugqongiyo kumithuba ephathelene yesifo esiphathelene, wenza iindlela ezimeleyo eziphulaphula ukuziphatha ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa ngenkohlaka eninzi. Lo ngxaki wayengenisa ukuba izifundo ze-solvent zibe yinto ethembekileyo emakhini nezempilo apho imfeko yenkohlaka iphakamile kwaye ubunzima bekhetho libikhulu.

Ukuzelezela Okuqukileyo Neengcinga

Nangona ziya kusebenza ngokuhle, i-release agents ze-PU ezigcinwe ngendawo zineengcinga ezininzi zokusebenza ezingaqhelekanga kubo bonke ububi. Ubunzima obukhulu be-compound organic volatile bubangela ukuba kudingeka iindawo zokuhlala kunye nokuphatha ngendlela eyodwa, okongeza imali yokuthenga iifacility kunye nokwakha iingcinga ezinzima kumsebenzi. Ubunzima obukhangeleyo bezinto ezi bungenza ukuba kudingeka imithetho emiganse ngokuphepha kwaye ukugcina ngendlela eyodwa.

Amaduli amfuna ngokuphazanyiswa kwe-VOC akhiwe izinkinga ekulandelweni kwizinhlelo ezisebenzisa i-PU release agents. Manje amandla wasekhaya anikeza amalungiso amasingatha ngokusebenzisa isolvent, kudinga izixhobo zokukhangela ezenzekileyo futhi kungakhathalwa ukumelana kwemigwa yezimali ngemva yokuphazanyiswa. Lezi zimpendulo zomthetho zihlulela izakhamuzi ukucabanga kabusha ngezindlela zabo zokusebenzisa i-release agent ukuze bakwazi ukugcina ubunzima bokusebenza.

Izilinganiso Zokulingana

Ukumelela Kwezilinganiso

Ukuchazwa okuphakade kubonisa ukuthi izivuno zomphakathi we-Pu ezihlakaniphileyo zifinyelela amagugu okukhupha okufana nokwemithambo ephathekayo yokusebenzisa iziqu, ngaphandle kokunikeza izibonelo ezenziwayo. Izinkolo zelaboratory ekubonisa ukuthi izimo ezisezindlwini zidinga ama-10-15% angaphansi kokukhupha komthwalo, kuyekisela ukuhlawuka kwezinto ezakhiweyo futhi kugcwalisa ubude bezinhlaka. Lokhu kukhupha okuhle kuthinta izikhathi ezimfushane kanye nokuncipha kokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngexesha lokukhupha.

Isimo esifanayo seziphazamiso zamathambo ephathekayo asebenza kakhulu emva kokuba kube khona ukungabi namandla okuthiwa ngu-molding. Izimo ephethekayo zingadinga ukube khona okusheshayo njengoko iziqu zihlala ziyekisela, zishiyela izinhloso ezingaphansi ukukhupha kahle. Izimo ezisezindlwini zilondoloza izici zakho zokuphepha ngokude, kuyekisa izikhathi zokusebenzisa kanye nesilingo.

Ubudala Bemoldi Nenkinga Yokusimama

Imitholampilo ye-PU engaphathelene nendawo ibangela kakhulu ukuba imoldi iphinde iphila ngizivikelwe kwezixwayiso ezihlukile zezibhamu. Amathebe emoldi aphila ngempilisweni wamafomule akhiwe ku-manzi, ekususweni kwezilingo eziphakeme zokuphinda kuyimoldi noma ukubuyisela kwazo. Iziseko lemanufakturing ibika ukuthi ubudala bemoldi bapheka phambili kabusha ngama-25-35% uma kushintjwa kusuka kuzibhamu kuya kumahluko angaphathelene nendawo.

Inkinga enzima yokusimama kwezimpilo ze-PU ezingaphathelene nendawo isuselwa kuchwepheshe lwabo olungaphatha umdla okuhlanjulula amathebe emoldi ngelikho libonisa izici zokutholiwa kahle. Ngaphandle kwezibhamu ezingasiza ekulahlekelweni kwesinyathelo semathebe, amafomule akhiwe ku-manzi ayasiza ekukhuseleni amathebe emoldi kwekudonsa nokucindezelwa chemically, okusiva kucinga inkabi yekosha yokusimama kanye nokunakekelwa kwezigaba zokwakha.

Umdla Wendlu Nenkinga Yokuhlola

Imiphumela Yekuthula Kwezimali

Ukuguqulwa kwi-PU release agents ezenzekelayo kumoya ukuphila kubangela ukuthula okugcwele nokwaziwa kwezimali ezivikelwa yisikhalo, kube yisidingo sekorporate yokuphila ngokuphelele futhi ubambele isimo. Izimunje zesimanzi zibese kabonakala konke izimali ze-VOC ezigxilwayo ngekuqala kwezixwebana, zibese umthombo mkhulu wemviko yomoya kusenzenjini. Lokhu kukuthula okukhulu kufisa amasosha abe sebenze ngaphansi kwemitholampofu yesimo, ukuzivikela izidingo ezobubi zokubamba imininingwane nokubhala.

Ukungatholakali kwezimali eziphazanyayo kumasebe ngaphandle kwebhuluki ezihlakaniphileyo ezenziwa ngendlela ethandabuzeko kusivumela ukuthi abasebenzi bangakhathazeki futhi bahluleke ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokuphepha ngexesha lokusebenzisa. Izikhala zokwakha zithola ubuhlobo bezimali okunembile okubangela imizamo emihle yokusebenza nokuncipha kwamaphremiyamu weshishini lokuphephwa. Ukususwa kwezimali zenzelelo kanciphisa amathuba okuhlupuka, kanti kuvumela isakha esinembile sezikhala nokuncipha kwamaphremiyamu.

Ukususa Kwimvume Yenkunkuma

Ibhuluki ezenziwa ngendlela ethandabuzeko iyisisekelo esinembile ekuphuleni inkunkuma ngokukhathazeka kwezimali eziphazanyayo ezigxilwe kumasebe enezingqimba. Izingcindezi ezivalekile zezinhlelo ezingenziwa ngamanzi zingcinyelwa ngokuvamile ngemvume yamanje engcono kunazo ezenziwa ngamanzi ahlelekile. Lokhu kukhathazeza ikhoseni lekuphuleni nokuncipha kwegcineleko nangenjalo kuthuthukisa izibonelo zempilo yekhampeni.

Ichemisti yesiseko se-Swater-base yezivikelo ze-PU ezinezintongo zenzela ukuculula kakhulu nokuhlela izixhobo ngokusebenzisa imithetho yokucula engcono. Kungasekelwe umsebenzi osetshe ngezicwasheli ezingenyelela iingcinga okanye iisolvent ezinye, ekwamiselwa ukunciphisa isabelo sezinto ezinzulu kwaye ukwaluka kwezinto ezingaqhelekanga phantsi kwisiko sokwenza.

Ukucabangela Ezomnotho Nokuhlaziya Izindleko

Ukulinganisa Ngokusheshayo

Njengoko izivikelo ze-PU ezenzekelayo mungkinene zinokuba zineengxaki eziphindwe kabini kunazo zezimoto-moto esiseko, ukuhlaziywa okupheleleyo kukhangelela ukuncipha kwiindlela zokusebenzisa nokugcina kude. Iifomule ezingenyelela iingcinga zabelana ne-25-40% kakhulu ngalinye ngalinye ngendlela enikezela ukusebenzisa kahle kwaye akukho lwala kwiingcinga ngexesha lokugcina nokusebenzisa.

Ukukhululwa kwezidingo zokuphatha nokugcina kwegentili ephathelene nge PU ezibuyiselwe ngendlela ethandwayo kumoya kuthula izindleko zomphakathi wokusebenza kakhulu. Izisekelo zokwakha azifuni manje amasayithi ebhombane-eprophoy, iqupe le-ventilation esihlikile, noma izigaba zokugcina izinto ezinconywayo xa kushintshwa kumithombo yamanzi. Le zindleko ezithulwayo zingahlala zizivikela izindleko eziningi kwinqubo ya kuqala yokusebenzisa.

Amalimi Akhawuleza Ekudleni

Ubude bezinkathi ezigcinwa zi-mold ekufunyenwe ngokusebenzisa igentili ephathelene nge PU ezenzululwazi ibangela ukunciphisa kakhulu izindleko ngokukhulula ukuthengiswa kwezixhobo nezindleko zokubuyisela. Izigaba zokwakha ziqonda ngokuvamile ukunciphisa kwe-20-30% kwiindleko zokuhlelwa kwimould ngonyaka xa isebenzisa umthombo wamanzi ngokuvamile. Ubude bempilo wendawo nobunciphisa kwezilinganiso zobuyekeka kungaholela futhi ekunciphiseni izindleko zokusebenza nokuthuthuka kwe-profitability.

Ukuncipha kwezindleko zokuhlinza kuyindima enye ebalulekile yokufa ngokushintsha kwamakhemikhali okuphazamisa PU angeyona enguqu. Ukususa kwezoloko ezihlangothini kanye nokuphatha kwezibalo eziphuthumayo kunciphisa ububi bezindleko, okwenzeka ukuba kube khona ukuncipha kwezimali zokuhlinza kwesibhedlela kanye nezokulungiswa kwegazi. Lezi zindleko ephindaphindwa zihlanganisa ngexesha ukuze ziphinde ziphinde zinike zeziGaba ngaphezu kwezindleko zezinto eziphathwayo.

Iindlela Zokusetyenziswa Kunye NeeNkonzo Ezelulekileyo

Ukulungiselela Ukushintsha

Ukufezekisa kokukhuselekile kwezinhlelo zokuphazamisa PU ezenzekelayo kudinga ukulungiselela kakuhle kanye nokunakekelwa okuqhubekayo ukuze kugcinwe imfaneleko epheleleyo. Kumele amabhange akhiwa iziprojekthi ezincinane kumgudu othile wokwenza izinto ukuze kwenzeke imfanelo yokuqala kanye nokubonakalisa ukuthi kufaneleke kanjani. Lo ndlela eyancibilika yokuguqula iyavuthela utshintsho lwezixhobo kanye nokufundisa abasebenzi ngelixa iqinisekisa ukuphila kwesicelo.

Umsebenzi wokuguqula kuyisikhathi esifushane kufaka ukulungisa izilungiso zezixhobo zokusayisha ukuze ziqondise ngemiphumela yamandla nezindlela zokusayishwa kwamagugu akhwehwe ngu-water-based PU. Kumele kube khona ukulungiswa kwezinhlobo zesayisho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi konke okudingekayo kukhishiwe futhi ukuthintele ukuthi kusayishwe kabiyi okungaba yinkinga ekakhiweni komfanekiso noma ukhokelele kakhulu kumaterial. Ukuqeqeshwa kahle kusidla abasebenzi bazinga lezi zindlela zokusayisha futhi bakholelwe ukufika ekulungile.

Ukulungiswa Kwesixhobo

Izixhobo ezintsha zokusayisha ezibalwe ngomlando wezinkcazo ezingu-water-based PU zazinzima kakhulu futhi zazinzima ngaphezu kwalezi zibukele kwasendaweni yokusebenza kwizinkcazo ezingu-solvent-based. Izixhobo zesayisha ezine-temperature zihlinza ubude bomlando obunempilo ukuze kuhlinzwe isimo esibalulekile sokusebenzisa futhi ukuvikela imiba engaqondakaliyo emanzini amancane. Izixhobo zesayisha ezenziwa ngaphandle kwezimali zingasetshenziselwa ukuze zithole izilinganiso ezithembekile zamafomula aphathekile, ukwakha kakhulu ukusebenza futhi ukuncipisa inkohlakala.

Ukutholakala kwezinhlelo ezenzulwini ezibambiseni PU nezinye izindlela zokucula kuyafaka inqolobane yezixhobo futhi kuyasusa isikhathi esisuselwa phakathi kwemidlalo yokuguqula izinto. Iziphawu zamathuba siyahlala sibe neminyaka engcono xa kusebenziswa izinto ezisezindabeni, zinikeza ubude bezinkathi kanye nokuncipha kwizindleko zokubuyisa i-pumps, i-spray nozzles, nezinhlelo zokunikezela.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Izinhlelo ezenzulwini eziphumayo ze-PU ziphatheka kanjani imini yokwakha ngokulinganisa nozindlela okusebenzisa izigubhu

Izinhlelo ezenzulwini eziphumayo ze-PU zihlala zibambe kuso noma zinzuzane kancane imini yokwakha ngokulinganisa nozindlela zasekuqaleni okusebenzisa izigubhu. Ngesikhathi izinhlelo ezingezindabeni zingadinga isikhathi eside kancane sokususwa kwegazi, ukusebenza kakhulu kwazo kuyasusa isikhathi kanye nokumemezela komsebenzi. Ukukhululwa kwegazi kanye nokubekezela okuhle kuyenzela ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthuthuka kwezikhathi ngaphezu kwe-5-10% ezinhlelo zonke zokusetshenziswa.

Ingaba izixhobo zokukhulula ezenzekelayo zomphakathi zisebenza kakuhle ngemidwebo yosayipha esikhona

Izinxalenye ezininzi zemidwebo yesayipha esikhona zingamiswa izixhobo ze-PU ezenzekelayo zomphakathi ngeentshishini encinci kwizilinganiso zoshishino kunye nempumelelo yesayipha. Iifomule ezibasetshenziselwa yamanzi aneengcinga ezahlukileyo zokubhwebhwa ezingadinga uguquko lweenozeli okanye uguquko kushishino ukufumana ubude bempumelelo. Kodwa, usondlo olungaphaya lukhokelela kuncinane umthengo woxhobo kwaye ungalungiswa ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhlengahlenga.

Kutheni iimpawu ezahlukileyo phakathi kwezinkcazo ezenzekelayo zomphakathi nezendawo eziphambili kwimfundo enobude obungaphezulu

Izimpumelelo zokusebenza kahle kakhulu zezimpumelelo zika-PU ezenziwayo ngendlela ethintela umphakathi zibonakala kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwamandla aphakeme njengoba aziqina kakhulu futhi azinakho izinto ezivimba ezingavimbi phansi ngokushisa. Lezi zinhlelo zizokuphila kakhulu izici zokukhupha ngaphezu kwemithombo enzima ngaphandle kokubiza izimo eziphathelene nempilo noma izinkinga zokuhlanjulwa kusayensi. Izelezindlu ezibalulekile zokwakha izinto zasetyheni zingaba nezinkinga zokusebenza noma zokuphatha kakhulu emandleni aphakeme.

Iziphumelo zeziphumelo ezisuka ku-water-base ziyenzani ngeqembu lokuphuma kwezinto ezakhiwe?

Iziphumelo ze-PU ezisuka ku-water-base zazinzima kakhulu kunezinye izinhlelo eziphathelene nazo. Ukungabikho kwezinto ezivimba kuvimba kusiva kuzindlela zokuvimba kusiva, okwenzela ukuthi izinto zibe yinxenye, zibe nemiphumela engcono. Izelezindlu zokwakha izinto zabalulekile zazidla kakhulu izidingo zokugcina futhi zazigcine izidingo zokugcina kancane uma zisebenzisa izinhlelo ezenziwayo ngendlela ethintela umphakathi.