Kutheni Amaphutha Angavikwa Ngumshini Wokuhlanya Uma Kusekelwa Emshinini?

Ukwenza iziqhamo zamakhalasi angeziwe kudinga ukucopheleka kwisikhathi sonke sezinsuku zokwakha, kanti yindlela ebalulekile kakhulu ekubangelwa ngayo impumelelo kukusebenzisa amaphutha wesibayi . Okukhupha kwamakhalasi kusebenza njengomkhawulo othile phakathi kwezinto ezimodeliwe nezinye zomgodi, okugcina ukudluliswa okungahle kube yizindleko eziningi zokwakha nokungenziwa kwamakhalasi. iMIKHIQIZO ukulwazi kokuthini lezinhlelo eziphathelene ngezimali eziphathelene nokuthi kuzenzela kanjani izinkinga okugcina kuzo kubaluleke kakhulu kumagunya abathengi abathola ukuthuthuka kwemisebenzi yawo yokumodela futhi abeke ubunzima bezimpilo.

Umsebenzi wokwakha kufaka phakathi ukubeka izinto zephlasitiki kumatempurhewha nokugcwalisa okuphelele, kwenza amandla apho ukudluliswa kweqondo nekhala kizobaluleka kakhulu uma akukhona intshabalalo. Izigaba zamagugu ebukeka ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwamanzi ashiwo ngokusondeza kwemfundo yokugcina ukuthi ake kube yisahluko esihle futhi ekugcineni ubungakanani beziziphi naezintfo zephlasitiki nezindlela zokwakha.

Izingozi Ezijwayelekile Zokwakha Uma Akukho Magugu Ebukeka Ngaphandle Kokulahlekelwa Kwamanzi

Ukudluliswa Kweqondo Nezingozi Zokudluliswa

Esinye sezinkinga ezafika ngokushesha kakhulu nokuthintana ngaphandle kwehlanza lokusebenzisa uhlanza olungcono kukuthi iphawu libeka kumugqa wamakholo. Lokhu kubekwa kungahlala phakathi kwebandla elincane lefansi elimelene ngezenzo ezingaphezu kokuphuma kuye kuya kubandela okuphelele okwathinta kuphela iphawu kodwa futhi umugqa. Xa izinto ezinzima zibuyiselwa kumugqa, zizodwa zifuna ukulindela kuqobo lonke lomugqa, kuyakhiwa izixhumanisi zezimali ezingavuseli.

Iziphumo zokubeka kwephawu kudinga ukudluliswa kwezinkinga zokwakha. Ukuphuma kwegugu kwezinhlelo eziphakeme kuyasebenza kakhulu kuzindlela, izinkinga zefansi, noma ukuphela kwepawu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla aphezu okudinga ukususa iphawu angathinta izici ezinhle zamugqa, ekuthinteni izilungiso eziningi kanye nedleko ende. Uhlanza olungcono lwephasitiki lukhindza lezi zinkinga ngokwenza isidingo esimolayile sokuthintana phakathi kwezinto ezinzima namugqa.

Ukuguquguquka kwezinklinga zentonga yomlamo kungaholela ekugcineni izinkinga, ngoba iindlela eziphakade kuzo ziphila ukunyusa okuningi kwezinklinga nokwandisa indlela yokudweba. Izinto ezondlovu zokuthula zisebenza ngokuhlanjulwa phakathi kwemithwalo enkimbini yeziphazamiso, ukuze kutholakale isebenza esifanayo ngaphandle kokuchazwa kwezimo.

Ukulahlekelwa Kweqembu Lengcindezo

Izingcindezo ezingenanto zibonakala ngendlela enkulu engaqhelekanga eyodwa okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthulwa kwayo kusiza ekukhokezeni. Uma akukho thixo elingcono phakathi kweenqanawa neentonga zomlamo, iindlela ezincinci zomlamo zingahlaza kwi-part iphasiwaka, zenzela iziphumeneza zengcindezo eziphazanyayo kumzimba nasekuhlangweni. Le ziphumeneza mazingabonakala njengezikhumba, izikhangala, noma izilinganiso ezingekhomani ezingasethelwa iiparts kwisebenzi azodingeka.

Okuqukethwe kakhulu kusetshenziswa kwezinkinga zokulinganisa kanye ngokuthi izinkinga ezincane ziyakhalipha kakhulu ngaphansi kwemimandla yasimahla. Ukusebenzisa izixwayiso ezisephuthelwe ngendlela ekhethekile zokuphazamisa iplastic ezenziwa ukuthola ubunzululwane kusiza ekugcineni ubunzululwane bezintambo ezingcono ezingaconyiwa kuzinzuzo nezimpilo zabasebenzisi, kumagunya, izinxhamyana, nezinto ezisetyenziswa yisisekelo.

Ukudonswa kukaqediwa kwezinye izikhathi zokudonsa kungaba nobubi kumgodi wokulinganisa uma izixwayiso azizukelwa ngendlela efanelekile noma azibuyiselwa. Imithombo yeplastic etholakala embonweni yemold ibangela izindawo eziphakeme eziphakamisa izinto ezilandelayo, kubanga iqiniso elingavamekanga lezinkinga ezingcono engalutholi lungeziwe ngaphandle kokucula kabusha konke kanye nokugcwalisa imold.

Ukukhuseleka Kwemold Nenye Indlela Yokudlula

Ukukhokha KweMold Nekuvivinya

Imiphakathi yokukhuseleka ngokusebenzisa okufaneleyo umshado wokulanda leplastiki phindeke kakhulu ukugcina izimpendulo nezinsuku zazo. Iziphendo zibonakala njengemfuneko enkulu yomthombo, eshiyela imithandaba engu-dollars futhi ibukeke izinyanga ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ukuzalwa kwayo. Ukulungisa lezi zinto eziphakeme ngokusebenzisa isenzo sokukhipha okufanelekile siphindisela ubude bezinsuku zophendo futhi suncane izindleko zokubuyisa.

Ukuxhumana ngqo phakathi kweplastic ethintayo nezihlangothini zephendo kusenza kube khona imoto yesintosha, umthevu wethermal, nokucopheleka kwegciwane. Ngempela, le minikelo ihlanganisa ukupheleka kwephendo, ukuguquka kweyinhlangothi, nokuguquka kwebukhulu okubangela ukuguquka kwebume. Isenzo sokukhipha seplastic esisebenziswe ngendlela efanelekile sivakasha izihlangothi zephendo ukungabikho ngqo kumaterial weplastic enhlangothi nasezimaleni.

Ukugcina kwebhola kusuka kumzobo kuyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuthintela ubude bephondo. Xa izinto zihlaba ezindaweni zephondo, amandla aphathelene okususa kwenza ukuthinta okuphazanyayo okuphazamisa phazanyisana izinto zephondo. Lokhu kukhona ngokungcono emakhundleni anezinkinga noma nezinhlelo eziphephile apho ukubuyisela noma ukulungisa kungaba yinkinga noma kungakwaziwa.

Ukuncipha Kudingano Kwesimahla

Ukusebenzisa kagqitha i-agent zakukhupha kunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi nokuthintana kwesimahla sokulungisa phondo. Uma akakho ukukhupha kwezinkokhelo, i-phondo ihlanganisa indiza yesiphalaphala, izinto zokunyanga, nokulawula okufanele kube khona ukucima okukhulekile ukususa. Lezi zindlela zokucima azizange ziphathe isikhathi esibalulekile sokwakha kodwa futhi zibonise izinto zephondo kuchemikhali olungezinyawo noma amandla aphathelene.

Ukusebenzisa kahle i-agent yokukhupha engu-plastic kusiza ekugcineni izikhungo zomoldi ngemzimba ephathelene, kulula ukuthatha isikhathi eside phambi kokwenza uhlelo lwesibhedlela okukhulu kanye nokwephula izikhathi phakathi kwamandla okulungisa. Lokhu kusiza ekunakekelweni komoldi kusenza kube lula ukuthenga isikhathi sokuphatha futhi kunciphisa izindleko ezijwayele ngokuphelele yomoldi ngexesha lokusebenza.

Ukuguquguquka kwezinkelenze ngasikhathi somsebenzi wokumaka kusenza kube khona umthelela othintayo okungakhuthazeki ukuthi umoldi uphile. I-release agents enobuchwepheshe bezinkelenze busiza ekulungelezeni lezi zinkinga, kusenela amandla ethulwini kanye nokunyakaza okuhlanganisa nokuthi umoldi uphinde ngezidingo zokulingana nezingxenye zalo.

Ubunzima bokuphatha nokulingana kwebhili

Ukukhipha Izikhathi Ezizodwa Zokuphatha

Ubungakanani bokwakha buhlanzwa kakhulu uma ukusebenzisa kwamandla okukhupha akufanelekile noma akuvumelekile. Izinxenye ezibambekayo zidinga ukuhlawulwa ngendlela ethinta-intando ukuze zithintwe, okuyisikhathi esikhulu sokumisa umugqa wokwakha, uncedo lwesekeli, nokudiliza kwezinxenye okudinga ukucindezelwa nokubuyiselwa futhi. Le mininingwane ihlanya phakathi kwesikhejulu esigcwele sokwakha, iyathinta izibophelelo zokuletha, kanye nokunyusa izindleko zokwakha ngayinyaniso.

Amavali ayedolobha eplastics amasha ahlelwe ukwenza ukusebenzisa kusuku kanye nokusebenza ngokushesha, kube lula abasebenzi ukuzama ubude obufanayo besikhathi sokwakha ngaphandle kokuchitha ubunzima bezinxenye. Izinhlelo zokusebenzisa ezizenzakalelayo zangezisa ubungakanani ngokuhlanza ukufakwa kweqhini ngokufanayo kanye nokucima ukuguquka okutholakala ekusebenzeni ngendlela ethinta-intando.

Ukukhweleka kwezemali ngenxa yezintandazuzo zokwakha kusuka ngaphandle kwemali yokuqala yokwakha ukuze kube khona imali yokuthumela ngokushesha, izinkinga zokuthanda kwegazi, nezindlela ezinokuba ziphathekayo kumamukelelo wokhokhisa. Ukusebenza kwehlosi lokuhlukanisa okuhle kunceda abawakheli ukulahlela lezi zinkinga ezenzekileyo futhi bahlale bekhathazekile ekwakheni ukuze bakwazi ukuhlawula kuzidingo olutshintshayo lomabele.

Ukugcina Ubungakanani Bokulinganisa

Ubungakanani bekulinganisa bubungakanani obukhulu obudingayo okufanele kube khona futhi kungabangelwa ngendlela ehlosi lokuhlukanisa liyasebenza njengalokho. Uma iziqhamo zihlaba ezindaweni zokwakha, indlela yokususa kungakhathazeki kubangela ukuthinta kwamanzi okususwa okuthinta ubungakanani. Lezi zinguququko zingagcinwa ngemaqondo yokuwakha, kuqonda izinto ezingaphandle kwebalinganiso elitholakele futhi zidinga ukusebenzisa imali kangcono noma ukunqama.

Ukumiswa okuphucansi kwezinhlayiya zokukhupha izimpaphezo ezihle kusisela kuthickness yesifolo nezimpendulo eziphathelene nokuthi kugcinwe isimo sokukhupha izinto ngaphandle kokuguquka kwebukhulu. Lokhu kusisiseko kakhulu kuzinkinga ezithile ezigcwele ezigcwele ezenziwa kwi-aerospace, izixhumanisi zezempilo, namaphoyisa aphathelene nge-automotive apho izilinganiso eziningi zibaluleke kakhulu ukulayisha kanye nokusebenza.

Uguquko kwebukhulu ngokwesithakazelo xa kukhishwa kungabandakanywa yinkimbinkimbi yokufaka kwenzawo yokukhupha, okungahola ukubanda kanye nokunakekelwa kwegugu kumalini ekhishwe. Ukukhetha nokusebenzisa izinhlayiya zokukhupha ngendlela efanelekile kusiza ekunciphiseni lezi ziphazamiso ngokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwayesithakazelo kanye nokunakekelwa kwegugu ngexesha lokukhishwa kwe-cycling yokuqina.

Ukulingana Ngokwemithi Nokuphepha Kwenzawo

Ukuvikela Izahluko Zokuxhumana Ngokwemithi

Ukutholakala kwezinkinga phakathi kwezibonelo zokukhupha izahlulo nezimbi ezizolwa kubaluleke ekunikeni amandla okungahlangani nokuziphatha okungeziwe okungabangela ukuguquka kwesici noma isimo. Kunezimbi ezithile ebalulekile kuzo izinto ezithile ezigcinwe kakhulu kuzo i-release agents, futhi kungaba nomdengerphu wezinkinga, ukushayiswa kwezimilo, noma ukuchwephesha kwezibonelo.

Abayikhiqizi basezimali bamanje abekwe izibonelo ezihlukaniswe ezilandelwe kwiindlela ezihlukene nezimbi nezimo zokusebenza. Lezi zixhumanisi zihlinzekile ekulungiseleleni umdengerphu wokungatholakali ngaphandle kokunikezela imfihlo yokuqhubeka kakhulu kumsebenzi ongcono. Ukuziqonda lokuxhumana phakathi kwezibonelo zamathuba nezimbi zezimbi kubaluleke ekukhetheni isinqumo esifanele kuye ngalunye ulwazi.

Ukunqama okudala kakhulu kumasebe ngaphandle kwezinhlayiya ezingavumelekani kungakha izinguquko ezincane kodwa eziphambene kakhulu kwimithwalo yephlastics eyakhiwa ngokungafihliki kuze kube khona ukuthi izinto zibukekile ekusebenzeni. Ukuchazwa kahle kwezinkinga zokuvumeleka kanye nokukhetha kwezinhlayiya eziyisisekelo kunciphisa le mihambo embalwa engakha imali enkulu yokulawula kanye nokwandiswa komlando.

Iinkcukacha Nezinye Izinsiza

Amathuba okumelana nesilingo kanye nezidingo zokuphepha kwezindawo zokusebenza ayenzela ukuthuthuka kwezinhlayiya zeplastic eziphathelene ngokushesha ezingcono indlela yokusebenza futhi kanciphisa imiphumela kuhlanya kanye nesilingo. Izinhlayiya zeplastic ezigcwele sisithuthi zifundiswa ngokushesha nguwater-based kanye nezinhlayiya eziphuma kuqobo, ezingcono indlela yokusebenza nangaphezu kwesafety.

Ukuvikela kahle nokulawula izindlela zokubonakala kuziphatha kakhulu ngaphandle kokuthi ihlobo lokusungulwa kuyini, kodwa izakhiwo ezintsha zisusa kakhulu ububi bokukhwehlela kwegciwane kanye nezinkinga zezempilo eziphakeme ekugcineni ukubonakala. Leliqiniso libonisela abasebenzi nasekhaya kakhulu ngokususa ububi bezimali kanye nokapheleka kwezimo zendlu yasebenza.

Izidingo zokuphula inkunkuma kanye nokususa kufaka futhi kwiqembu lokukhetha izici zokusungulwa. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinebhodwa elide, izilinganiso ezincane zokusebenzisa, kanye nezici ezifanelekileyo kumhlaba zesisiza abayigcwalisa ukufinyelela izikhathi zokupheliswa ngendlela efanelekileyo ngelisho lisebenza kahle.

Okusebenzelwa Ngokuphelele Kanti Nezidingo Zomphakathi

Ukusebenzisa Okuphelele Kwesithunzi

Imisebenzo yokwakha ngokunxasenqanawa ikhona izinkinga ezithile ezingadinga i-agent yokuphulula incwadi engakhethiwe ekwaziwa ukugcina ubunzima phakathi kwezimo eziningi zeqiniso. Amaphlastiki we-engineering njenge-PEEK, PPS, ne-nylons enezimoto eziningi kudinga izimo zokusebenza ezikhiye kangaka ku-400°C, ekhala izimo ephindiswa khona kakhulu i-release agents ezigcwele.

Ukuzimisela kwezimo kungaba yindlela eyisisekelo yokwenza i-release agents ekusebenzisa kulezi zimo ezidingekileyo. I-formulations ezininzi zifaka amafutha angeziwe okuqeda izimo, i-additives eziphila kwezimo, nezinhlelo eziphatha okugcina kakhulu izici zokulubeka noma kwezimo ezikhulu. Lezi zinhlelo eziphethwe ngokuthile zilungiselela ukuphazanyiswa kwezimo okungaholela ekwakheni kakhulu kwe-carbon residue futhi kube khona ukulahlekelwa kwesiqephu.

Ukuxheleneyo phakathi kwezimu yokusebenzisa kanye nokusebenza kwesivuno sezimali, ngoba izimu ezide ngokuvamile sibekisa kakhulu ubunzima bokudluliswa kanye nokufakwa ngelengele, ngelinye ilango esinceda ekushintsheni kwemitholwane yekhemikhali. Izimpendulo ezigcwele zihlanganisa le minyaka eyambalambaleni ukuze zinike amandla aphathelene kuyo yonke indawo yezimu ebalulekileyo ngexesha lokwenza iifomu.

Imisebenzi Yobude nezilwanyana Zokudla

Imisebenzi yesixhobo sobude kunye nezilwanyana zokudla iyabeka imithetho emahlanu kumahluko wamathambo oplastics olusivumayo, okuthintela izinto ezivumelekileyo kuphela ukuba zibe nemvume yokuthinta ngqo okanye engqongweni ngezilwanyana zokudla. Imithetho yeFDA kunye nemigaqo yesixhobo sobude ibaluleka ukuchazwa kakhulu kunye nobuchwephesheleka ukuze kubonakale intsebenzo yento kanye nokutholwa kwemithetho efumanekayo.

Izinhlelo zokuphazamisa eziphathelene neplastic etholakala kudatha izindlela zokudla zifaka kuphela izimbono ezivunyelwe ngaphandle kokulahla ukusebenza kwezokuphazamisa okudingekayo ukwakha izici, izibhamu, nezixhobo zokuchitha izinto ezidlalwayo. Lezi zinhlelo zilandela izimbono zezinsizwa eziphuma kuzinsizwa futhi zilahle izongeziwe zokudili zingazungezi kudatha noma kuhlukanisa ukutholakala kwesimo.

Ukwenza kwezixhobo zomedicali kuthatha ngokwazo izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinxulumene nokulungiswa kwesitshalo, njengoko izinto eziningi zibandakanya kuzo kuzohlaziywa ngokuchaza okuqukileyo, i-ethylene oxide, noma i-steam sterilization. Ukuziqonda le mithetho ikhona yibaluleke kakhulu ekukhetheni izinto ezifanelekileyo ezingavuthi inkalo yazo konke isikhathi sekuqala kuze kube sesiphelile ukwenza nokuhlaziywa.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kungakanani okufanele kusebenzise isiprojeki sokuphazamisa seplastic ngemaqondo yokuphatha?

Ukushisaniswa kwe-releese ejwayelekile kubangelwa yizinkinga ezimbili kufakwa umlawa wemoldi, ubunzima bekucindezelwa, izinkulungwane zokusebenza, nezinhliziyo zokwakha. Ngokuvamile, kumele kube khona ukubuyisela ngaphandle kwesivinini ku-10-50 okukhishwe kakhulu emisebenzini, noma kunjalo izimpendulo eziphakeme noma imodi yokusebenza engcono kumele kube khona ukubuyisela ngaphezulu. I-release agents ezihlanjululwayo ezintsonkothile zinake ukunikeza isiphazamiso esihlakaniphile ku-100-500 uma kusebenziswa kahle. Ukubeka inkinobeko ekhishweni kwebhola futhi kunezindlela zokukhipha okumele kwenziwe ukuchaza izikhathi ezifanele ekubuyiselweni ngaphandle kwezimo ezithile zokwakha.

Kungani ukusetshenzisa kakhulu okuqondile kwe-release agent kube khona impinzalo ngokulinganayo kwesicatshulwa?

Ukusebenzisa kakhulu kwesivumelwano sokukhupha singakhiqiza imiba yokulinganiso kanye nokulahlekelwa kweyisebe, inkinga yokuqhakamshela kwebheshi, nokwahlukana komkhawulo. Ukusebenzisa kakhulu kungakhiqiza isivumelwano esikhikeyo kwiinyanga zemoldi, ekhuthaza iingcinga zeyisebe kwiindawo ezikhuphwayo. Ngaphezu koko, isivumelwano esikhulu singayinxalenye ekwenzeni izenzo ezilandelayo njengebheshi, ukudibanisa, okanye ukushicilela. Iindlela ezichanekileyo zokusebenzisa ziqhakamshela ukufumana ukufakwa okulinganayo, okuqinileyo okunika ukuhlinzwa ngaphandle kokuchithwa kakhulu. Iinkqubo ezenzekelayo zokusebenzisa zinesizo ekugcineni ubume bokufakwa nokukhuphula iingcinga zokusebenzisa kakhulu.

Yiziphi iimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi isivumelwano sokukhupha asisebenzi ngendlela efanelekileyo

Izindlela ezimbili zikaqukatha ukusebenza okungaphilile kwesivuno sezibobo, kufana nokwanda kwamandla ekunquma ngayo, izinto eziphakamisa, iziphazamiso zezenzo, nezindlela zobomi bezimali ebonakala. Izinto zingasebenzi ngokushesha, zenze imigwasho, noma kutholakale ubugu bendawo uma isebenza esiphikiswe sisebenza. Izwi elingelilo lomculo wokunquma, izikhathi ezide zokuphaza, nakho izophumo eziphakamileyo zokukhala kwezinto ziyindlela ezingenazo. Ukulondoloza kakhulu kwezici zikaqukatha ukuthola izinkinga zesebenze esivuno kabefore kuthole izinkinga ezinkulu zokwakha noma ububi bezimali.

Yini izivuno ezitholakala ngezemvula zinesivuno njengabezifundo?

Ukumiswa kwezinhlelo ezisebenzisa amanzi njengesimo sokuhlala kutholakala ukusebenza okufana nokwephethwe ngokusebenzisa izimo ezivuthiwe, nakuba kunezinkinga eziphakeme kwinkimbinkimbi, ekuphatheni kwempilo, nokulawula. Izinhlelo ezingasebenzisa amanzi zabelana nokukhupha okuhle, ukuncipisa inkimbinkimbi yomthwalo, ukuncipisa ukusungwa kwe-volatile organic compound, nokucopheleka kwezindlela zokucoca. Kodwa, izindlela zokusebenzisa kungaba zahlukene kancane, futhi ezinye izenzo ezikhuthaza kakhulu kuzodingeka zisebenzise izinhlelo ezingavuthi. Kudingeka ukhethe phakathi kwezinhlelo ezingasebenzisa amanzi nezine esebenzisa izimo ezivuthi kufanele kube yini eyodwa lezenzo, izidingo zokulawula, nezindlela zokusebenza kwindawo.